APPLICATION OF AHP FOR THE EVALUATION OF PUBLIC POLICY IN THE ATTENTION TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC, THE CASE OF MEXICO
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Published
Jun 28, 2024
Ariadna Cruz
Jose Manuel Cruz Hoyos
Abstract
This study utilizes the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to assess Mexico’s public policy response to the COVID-19 pandemic, covering the period from February 2020, when the WHO officially declared a pandemic, to February 2021, marking the commencement of extensive vaccination campaigns. It examines the impacts of the pandemic, including health crises, economic fluctuations, societal transformations, and limitations on personal freedoms. By focusing on the medical, economic, political, and social dimensions of the adopted policies, the study identifies mixed success in economic policies and deficiencies in political and social responses. Despite challenges, Mexico’s policy measures offer valuable insights and a framework for future stability and resilience against global health emergencies. The research emphasizes the importance of flexible governance and comprehensive strategies to support a resilient, inclusive, and sustainable recovery.
How to Cite
Cruz, A., & Cruz Hoyos, J. M. (2024). APPLICATION OF AHP FOR THE EVALUATION OF PUBLIC POLICY IN THE ATTENTION TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC, THE CASE OF MEXICO. International Journal of the Analytic Hierarchy Process, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.13033/ijahp.v16i1.992
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Keywords
policy making, COVID-19, Mexico, AHP, evaluation
References
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Bardach, E. (2019). A practical guide for policy analysis: The eightfold path to more effective problem solving. Washington DC: CQ Press.
Boltvinik, J., & Damián, A. (2020). El Covid-19 está aumentando más la pobreza y la desigualdad [Covid-19 is greatly increasing poverty and inequality]. Economía UNAM, 17(51), 375-385. http://revistaeconomia.unam.mx/index.php/ecu/article/view/573
Cohen, C., Ali Abbas, S., Anthony, M., Best, T., Breuer, P., Miao, H., Myrvoda, A., & Togo, E. (2020, November 19). The Role of State-Contingent Debt Instruments in Sovereign Debt Restructurings. International Monetary Fund. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/Staff-Discussion-Notes/Issues/2020/11/13/The-Role-of-State-Contingent-Debt-Instruments-in-Sovereign-Debt-Restructurings-49732
Cairney, P. (2019). Understanding public policy: Theories and issues. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.
Colmenares, F. (2019). Despojo, resistencia y corrupción. México en los ciclos del petróleo [Dispossession, resistance and corruption. Mexico in the oil cycles] (1st ed.). Madrid: Plaza y Valdés.
Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología. (2018). México en los indicadores globales relacionados con la competitividad y la innovación [Mexico in global indicators related to competitiveness and innovation]. Ciudad de México: Foro Consultivo Científico y Tecnológico A.C. México.
https://www.foroconsultivo.org.mx/FCCyT/documentos/Mexico_indicadores.pdf
Dávila Rodríguez, A.A. (2018). Medicina defensiva ¿Evitable? [Defensive medicine: Avoidable?]. Cirujano General, 40(1), 54-60.
http://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/cg/v40n1/1405-0099-cg-40-01-54.pdf
Elster, J. (1992). Local justice: How institutions allocate scarce goods and necessary burdens. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.
Expansión Política. (2020, January 21). Con el Insabi, se modernizarán 5,000 centros de salud y 700 hospitales [With Insabi, 5,000 health centers and 700 hospitals to be modernized]. https://politica.expansion.mx/mexico/2020/01/21/con-el-insabi-se-modernizaran-5-000-centros-de-salud-y-700-hospitales
Fukuyama, F. (2015). Political order and political decay. From the industrial revolution to the globalization of democracy. London: Profile Books Ltd.
Gobierno de México. (2020, June 23). SAT presentará primer paquete de denuncias contra factureros [SAT to file first package of complaints against billers]. https://presidente.gob.mx/sat-presentara-primer-paquete-de-denuncias-contra-factureros/
Gobierno de México. (2020b). Boletín epidemiológico Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica Sistema Único de Información (SINAVE) [Epidemiological bulletin for the National Epidemiological Surveillance System Single Information System]. https://conamer.gob.mx/respuestas-regulatorias-covid-19/GobiernoFederal/Index
Gobierno de México. (2020c). Lineamiento de reconversión hospitalaria. [Guideline for hospital reconversion]
https://coronavirus.gob.mx/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Lineamientos-Reconversion-Hospitalaria_05042020_2.pdf
Gómez Delgado, Y., & Velázquez Rodríguez, E.B. (2019). Salud y cultura alimentaria en México [Health and food culture in Mexico]. Revista Digital Universitaria, 20(1), 1-11. http://www.revista.unam.mx/wp-content/uploads/v20_n1_a6_Salud-y-cultura-alimentaria-en-Mexico.pdf
Gutiérrez Lagunes, M. (2022). Decision-making in health care settings: Analytical ranking models for vaccination alternatives in Mexico. Reality, Data, and Space International Journal of Statistics and Geography, 13(3), 50-63. https://rde.inegi.org.mx/index.php/2022/10/13/toma-de-decisiones-en-ambientes-de-salud-modelos-de-jerarquizacion-analitica-de-alternativas-para-la-vacunacion-en-mexico/
INEGI. (2021). Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo (ENOE) [National Occupation and Employment Survey].
https://www.ilo.org/surveyLib/index.php/catalog/6908
Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. (2020, June 30). Acuerdo dictado por el H. Consejo Técnico en la sesión ordinaria celebrada el 27 mayo de 2020 [Resolution passed by the H. Technical Council at the ordinary session held on May 27, 2020]. http://dof.gob.mx/2020/IMSS/Informe_Servicios_Personales_IMSS_2019.pdf
Marcarelli, G. (2017). Evaluating healthcare organizations with a network model which integrates ANP with a revised BSC. International Journal of the Analytic Hierarchy Process, 9(1), 86-107. https://doi.org/10.13033/ijahp.v9i1.443
Martín, E. (2020, November 20). FMI Renueva línea de crédito a México en plena pandemia [IMF renews credit line to Mexico in the midst of pandemic]. El Financiero. https://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/economia/mexico-frena-recortes-en-linea-de-credito-del-fmi-en-pandemia/
Mejía Reyes, P., & Ochoa Díaz, S. (2018). Endeudamiento público en México: un análisis comparativo de los últimos tres sexenios [Public indebtedness in Mexico: a comparative analysis of the last three six-year periods]. Facultad de Economía del Estado de México [School of Economics of the State of Mexico]. http://economia.uaemex.mx/Publicaciones/e1102/Articulo_9.pdf
Méndez Méndez, J.S. (2019, October 15). La contracción del gasto per cápita en salud: 2010-2020 [The contraction of per capita health spending: 2010-2020]. Centro de Investigación Económica y Presupuestaria (CIEP). https://ciep.mx/la-contraccion-del-gasto-per-capita-en-salud-2010-2020/
Miller, G. A. (1956). The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review, 63(2), 81–97. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0043158
Molina Salazar, R.E., González Marín, E., & Carvajal de Nova, C. (2008). Competencia y precios en el mercado farmacéutico mexicano [Competition and pricing in the Mexican pharmaceutical market]. Salud Pública México, 50(4), S496-S503. http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0036-36342008001000011
Morales, Y. (2021, September 15). Deuda de México entre las cinco que están en niveles prepandemia [Mexico's debt among the five at pre-pandemic levels]. The Economist. https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/economia/Deuda-de-Mexico-entre-las-cinco-que-estan-en-niveles-prepandemia-IIF-20210915-0001.html
Observatorio Nacional Ciudadano. (2020). El confinamiento como agravante de la violencia familiar [Confinement as an aggravating factor in family violence].
https://cieg.unam.mx/covid-genero/pdf/reflexiones/sociedad-civil/25-confinamiento-agravante-violencia-familiar.pdf
OCDE. (2017). Obesity update. https://www.oecd.org/els/health-systems/Obesity-Update-2017.pdf
Organización Panamericana de la Salud. (2019). Las funciones esenciales de la salud pública en las Américas: Una renovación para el siglo XXI. Marco conceptual y descripción [The essential functions of public health in the Americas: A renewal for the 21st century. Conceptual framework and description]. OPS. https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/53125
Ornelas Aguirre, J.M., & Vidal Gómez Alcalá, A.M. (2020). Crítica al modelo centinela de vigilancia epidemiológica en la COVID-19 [Critique of the sentinel model of epidemiological surveillance in COVID-19]. National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information, 753-764. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33254195/
Pacheco J.F., & Contreras, E. (2008). Manual metodológico de evaluación multicriterio para programas y proyectos [Methodological manual of multi-criteria evaluation for programs and projects]. Santiago, Chile: Instituto Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Planificación Económica y Social (ILPES). https://hdl.handle.net/11362/35914
Piña Pozas, M., Araujo Pulido, G., & Castillo Castillo, L. (2020, July 21). Hipertensión arterial un problema de salud pública en México [High blood pressure: A public health problem in Mexico]. Mexico: Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. https://www.insp.mx/avisos/5398-hipertension-arterial-problema-salud-publica.html
Revista Forbes. (2018, December 6). Poder adquisitivo del salario mínimo cayó 55% desde 1982: Coparmex [Purchasing power of the minimum wage fell 55% since 1982: Coparmex]. Economy and Finance Section. https://www.forbes.com.mx/poder-adquisitivo-del-salario-minimo-cayo-55-desde-1982-coparmex/
Revista El Hospital. (2019). Cerca de 326 hospitales en México están inconclusos [Nearly 326 hospitals in Mexico are unfinished]. https://www.elhospital.com/temas/Cerca-de-326-hospitales-en-Mexico-estan-inconclusos+130692
Revuelta Herrera, A., & Barrera Badillo, G. (2014). Minutas de la reunión inaugural de SARInet (Severe acute respiratory infections network) [SARInet inaugural meeting minutes]. Vigilancia epidemiológica de influenza en México [Epidemiological surveillance of influenza in Mexico]. https://www.paho.org/hq/dmdocuments/2014/2014-cha-sarinet-inaugural-meeting.pdf
Rittel, H.W.J., & Webber, M.M. (1973). Dilemmas in a general theory of planning policy sciences. Policy Sciences, 4(2), 155–169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01405730
Rocha Quintero, J.E. (2020). La pandemia de Covid–19 en México, entre la polarización política y las tendencias electorales [The Covid-19 pandemic in Mexico, between political polarization and electoral trends]. Plural Analysis Journal, 2020(07), 47-60. https://rei.iteso.mx/handle/11117/6426
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