A PRACTICAL FRAMEWORK FOR RANKING-BASED ANALYSIS OF LIVABILITY IN URBAN-RURAL CONTEXTS: A CASE STUDY OF QAZVIN CITY-REGION, IRAN
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9306-565X
Nooreddin Azimi
Abstract
The burgeoning world population has transformed the interplay of space, human beings, and activity, leading to a decline in quality of life and livability in many places. This study aimed to identify the factors affecting livability within a new integrated urban-rural scale using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Based on the research background and context, objective and subjective indices of livability in the economic, social, and environmental dimensions were developed for both urban and rural settlements in Qazvin, Iran. Data on these indices were collected through secondary resources and questionnaires, and then analyzed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) along with Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation (PROMETHEE), both of which are multi-criteria decision-making methods. The compatibility between these two methods—used for comparing, weighting and evaluating quantitative and qualitative criteria—sets them apart from similar approaches. The results show no complete preference both in the cities and the rural districts. Furthermore, the importance of using three dimensions is highlighted in livable communities by the fact that Qazvin city unexpectedly could not acquire complete superiority due to poor environmental function even though it is the major settlement of the region. An examination of the effective factors and indices also demonstrated that the social dimension of livability is less desirable in the whole city-region; therefore, it should be given more attention when adopting strategies and decisions. Finally, this study can offer substantial assistance to authorities and the decision-makers by employing a flexible and adjustable framework.
How to Cite
Downloads
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
livability, sustainability, urban-rural context, qazvin city-region, PROMETHEE
American Planning Association (2017). Emerging trends in regional planning. Chicago: PAS Publications.
Baobeid, A., Koç, M., & Al-Ghamdi, S. G. (2021). Walkability and its relationships with health, sustainability, and livability: elements of physical environment and evaluation frameworks. Frontiers in Built Environment, 7, 721218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2021.721218
Campbell, A., Converse, P. E., & Rodgers, W. L. (1976). The quality of American life: Perceptions, evaluations, and satisfactions. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sf/56.1.283
Couch, C. (2016). Urban planning: An introduction. London: Palgrave.
Di Clemente, R., Strano, E., & Batty, M. (2021). Urbanization and economic complexity. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 3952. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83238-5
Ebraheem, M. (2018). Using geospatial analysis to determine livability in Najaf city by GWR. MATEC Web of Conferences, 162, 03031. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816203031
Ebrahimzadeh, I., & Sahraei Jouybari, A. (2018). Using the PROMETHEE method as a constructive approach in regional decision-making and planning, case study: The small towns of Jouybar. Human Geography Research, 391–410. [In Persian]
Economist Intelligence Unit. (2021). The Global Liveability Index 2021: A free overview. The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006452
Eeckhout, J., & Hedtrich, C. (2021). Green urbanization. PloS ONE, 16(11), e0260393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260393
Fathi Ashtiani, A. (2016). Psychological tests: evaluation of personality and mental health. Tehran: Besat. [In Persian]
Fazli, R. (2014). Evaluation of the development of the districts of Ardebil city from the perspective of spatial justice. [Master’s Thesis, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili]. [In Persian]
Ghozi, S., Dharmawan, I. B., Sari, D. H., Bijaksana, T. M., & Devi, S. M. (2023). An analysis of the perceived liveability index with the use of adjusted and weighted aspects based on a multi-stakeholder perspective in the Indonesian city of Balikpapan. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Administratio Locorum, 22(2), 131–151. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/aspal.7829
Gough, M. Z. (2015). Reconciling livability and sustainability: Conceptual and practical implications for planning. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 35(2), 145–160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739456x15570320
Huang, X., & Liu, Y. (2022). Livability assessment of 101,630 communities in China’s major cities: A remote sensing perspective. Science China Earth Sciences, 65(6), 1073–1087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11430-021-9896-4
Ishizaka, A., & Labib, A. (2009). Analytic Hhierarchy Process and expert Choice: Benefits and limitations. OR insight, 22(4), 201–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ori.2009.10
Jome epour, M., Motiee Langerudi, S. H., Hajihosseini, S., & Salami Beirami, A. (2018). A survey of the environmental effects on the livability of rural areas (Case study: Villages of Buin Zahra County). Journal of Research & Rural Planning, 7(1) 39–56. [In Persian] https://doi.org/10.22067/jrrp.v5i4.62494
Kermanshahi, H. (2018). Spatial analysis of quality of life in Qazvin city complex during the period from 2001 to 2015. [Master’s Thesis, University of Guilan]. [In Persian]
Khaki, G. (1999). Research method with an approach to thesis writing. Tehran: Derayat press. [In Persian]
Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001316447003000308
Leach, J. M., Lee, S. E., Hunt, D. V., & Rogers, C. D. (2017). Improving city-scale measures of livable sustainability: A study of urban measurement and assessment through application to the city of Birmingham, UK. Cities, 71, 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2017.06.016
Litman, T. (2010). Sustainability and livability: Summary of definitions, goals, objectives and performance indicators. New York: Victoria Transport Policy Institute.
Marans, R. W., & Stimson, R. J. (2011). Objective measurement of quality of life using secondary data analysis. In R.J. Stimson, R.W. Marams, Investigating quality of urban life: theory, methods and empirical research Social Indicators Research Series 45 (pp. 33–53). Springer Science+Business Media. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1742-8_2
Management and Planning Organization of Qazvin. (2018). Qazvin spatial plan. Retrieved from Qazvin MPORG: https://ghazvin.mporg.ir/Portal/View/Page.aspx?PageId=67442811-d69d-4ea2-8d1a-ca307b27323f&t=44%20 [In Persian]
Mulligan, G., Carruthers, J., & Cahill, M. (2004). Urban quality of life and public policy: A survey. Contributions to Economic Analysis, 266, 729–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0573-8555(04)66023-8
Munir, F., Sharjeel, M. Y., Sibt-e-Ali, M., Aslam, M., & Ali, N. (2022). Measuring spatial inequality in livability index using microdata in Pakistan. Webology, 19(2), 5677–5689.
National Research Council, Division on Earth, Life Studies, Board on Earth Sciences, Committee on Geography, & Committee on Identifying Data Needs for Place-Based Decision Making. (2002). Community and quality of life: Data needs for informed decision making. National Academies Press.
Newton, P. W. (2012). Liveable and sustainable? Socio-technical challenges for twenty-first-century cities. Journal of Urban Technology, 19(1), 81–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2012.626703
Pang, Y., Zhang, W., & Jiang, H. (2024). A socio-spatial exploration of rural livability satisfaction in megacity Beijing, China. Ecological Indicators, 158, 111368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.111368
Paul, A. (2020). Developing a methodology for assessing livability potential: An evidence from a metropolitan urban agglomeration (MUA) in Kolkata, India. Habitat International, 105, 102263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2020.102263
Quan, Z., Huijuan, N., & Xiaoying, L. (2024). Evaluation of urban space livability in the urban area of Hefei based on production-living-rcological dpace. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 15(2), 338–350. http://dx.doi.org/10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2024.02.009
Saaty, T. L. (1980). The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Journal of the Operational Research Society, 41(11), 1073–1076.
Saaty, T. L. (1991). Response to Holder's comments on the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 42(10), 909–914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jors.1991.176
Saaty, T. L., & Vargas, L. G. (2012). Models, methods, concepts and applications of the Analytic Hierarchy Process. 2nd ed. New York: Springer.
Saeed, U., Ahmad, S. R., Mohey-ud-din, G., Butt, H. J., & Ashraf, U. (2022). An integrated approach for developing an urban livability composite index—a cities’ ranking road map to achieve urban sustainability. Sustainability, 14(14), 8755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148755
Saitluanga, B. L. (2014). Spatial pattern of urban livability in Himalayan Region: A case of Aizawl City, India. Social Indicators Research, 117, 541–559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-013-0362-3
Soleimani Mehrenjani , M., Tavalayi, S., Rafieian, M., Zanganeh, A., & Khazaei Nezhad, F. (2016). Urban livability: the concept, principles, aspects and parameters. Geographical Urban Planning Research (GUPR), 4(1), 27–50. [In Persian]
Sheikh, W. T., & van Ameijde, J. (2022). Promoting livability through urban planning: A comprehensive framework based on the “theory of human needs”. Cities, 131, 103972.
Tolfo, G., & Doucet, B. (2022). Livability for whom?: Planning for livability and the gentrification of memory in Vancouver. Cities, 123, 103564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2022.103564
UN-Habitat. (2020). World Cities Report 2020: The Value of Sustainable Urbanization. Retrieved from UN-Habitat: https://unhabitat.org/world-cities-report-2020-the-value-of-sustainable-urbanization
United Nations. (2021). The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2021. New York: United Nations Publications.
Wang, Y., & Miao, Z. (2022). Towards the analysis of urban livability in China: spatial–temporal changes, regional types, and influencing factors. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(40), 60153–60172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20092-6
Wikipedia. (2015). Iran (orthographic projection).svg. Retrieved from Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Iran_(orthographic_projection).svg
Wei, Y., Wang, H., Tan, B., Xue, M., & Yin, Y. (2022). Analysis of the spatial differentiation and development optimization of towns’ livable quality in Aksu, China. Sustainability, 14(13), 7728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14137728
Yin, Z., Wu, Y., Jin, Z., & Zhang, X. (2018, January). Research on livable community evaluation based on GIS. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 108, 042075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/108/4/042075
Copyright of all articles published in IJAHP is transferred to Creative Decisions Foundation (CDF). However, the author(s) reserve the following:
- All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.
- The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain permission from CDF as well. However, CDF may grant rights with respect to journal issues as a whole.
- The right to use all or parts of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, textbooks, or reprint books.
- The authors affirm that the article has been neither copyrighted nor published, that it is not being submitted for publication elsewhere, and that if the work is officially sponsored, it has been released for open publication.
The only exception to the statements in the paragraph above is the following: If an article published in IJAHP contains copyrighted material, such as a teaching case, as an appendix, then the copyright (and all commercial rights) of such material remains with the original copyright holder.
CDF will receive permission for publication of copyrighted material in IJAHP. This permission is not transferable to third parties. Permission to make electronic and paper copies of part or all of the articles, including all computer files that are linked to the articles, for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage.
This permission does not apply to previously copyrighted material, such as teaching cases. In paper copies of the article, the copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date should be visible. To copy otherwise is permitted provided that a per-copy fee is paid.
To republish, to post on servers, or redistribute to lists requires that you post a link to the IJAHP article, which is available in open access delivery mode. Do not upload the article itself.
Authors are permitted to present a talk, based on a paper submitted to or accepted by IJAHP, at a conference where the paper would not be published in a copyrighted publication either before or after the conference and where the author did not assign copyright to the conference or related publisher.